Encouragementandpraisecancomeinmanyforms,andsomeways...

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Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions over the course found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life. Specifically, praise coming with feedback about their behavior that kids made helped them to deal better with difficult experiences five years later, compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself, like “You’re a good boy.”

“This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research, and it’s exciting to see it plays out in the real world,” says Elizabeth, a professor of psychology at Temple University, who led the study. “Praising the efforts, actions and work of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and work hard in the future.”

Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job,” which emphasize the child’s actions. “Person praise” includes comments like “You’re so smart” or “You’re so good,” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities. These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology, but exactly how they affect children’s development over the years hasn’t been clear.

As part of the study, researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old, and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions. Five years later, the researchers followed up with the families, using questionnaires to measure the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge, and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children, process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved, while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed.

25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Praising inspires kids to form good personal quality

B. Praising kids is tested to be effective in the long run

C. The process of praising kids experiment is suspected

D. The praising experiment is carried out in real situation

26. The underlined word distinctions in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______

A. condition B. difference C. exception D. appearance

27. From the last paragraph we can learn that ________

A. Kids should not be praised too frequently

B. Different kids should be praised differently

C. Process praise is less effective as we expected

D. Kids with process praise tend to be more creative