Food-securitychallengeswillnotbemetbysimplyincreasingpr...

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Food-security challenges will not be met by simply increasing primary production. Many mostly poor people living in developing countries do need more caJories and nutrients, and increases in production are required to satisfy this need. But a significant proportion of these people are becoming wealthier, and if the concomitant (伴随而来的）changes in diet towards the consumption of higher energy foods continue, the nutritional status of this rapidly increasing group will probably diminish, even as its calorific intake grows.

The current status of global nutrition is far from satisfactory. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 795 million people are hungry. Paradoxically (自相矛盾的是)，at least 2 billion people consume too many calories, many of whom also do not get enough nutrients.

The failure to consistently recognize that it is not only people who are hungry but also those who have too few nutrients and those who overconsume calories challenges efforts to address the problem comprehensively. It is essential to increase the supply of food for people who are hungry. There are, however, growing concerns about the health consequences of overconsumption, particularly in the form of empty calories' from foods that contain solid fats or added sugars that supply energy, but little or no other nutrition.

Malnutrition (营养不良）is related to consumption patterns of caJories and nutrients, rather than food production. Major determinants of consumption include food preference, allocation, cultural norms, cooking skill and convenience. But, ai^uably, the most important is affordability. It is the increased availability and affordability of processed, high-energy foods for the emerging global middle class to consume a more-Western diet that is making malnutrition a global problem.

Most international efforts to improve food security focus only on hunger and undemutrition. and hence push to increase food production. But this productionist approach will not solve all forms of malnutrition. More emphasis should be placed on changing consumption patterns. This will not only help to identify the root causes of malnutrition, but also send a signal to producers about the nature of foods needed to address malnutrition.

Even with a greater emphasis on consumption, solutions will be far from straightforward. Each actor involved in the food system — from primary producer to retailer (零售商)一has their own motivations and modes of interaction. To meet the United Nations’ goal of ending all forms of malnutrition by 2030, we need to think about the whole food system. A purely productionist approach will not be sufficient — we need to manage food demand, not just meet it.

58. The underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 1 most probably means .

ge B. weaken C. improve D. maintain

59. According to the passage, what problem with malnutrition has raised growing concerns?

A. Many people are still suffering from starvation.

B. More people prefer to resist the western lifestyle.

C. People fail to realize its causes and consequences.

D. People overconsume calories with poor nutrition.

61. We can learn from the passage that addressing malnutrition will require .

A. the motivation of the producers

B. changes across the entire food system

C. an increase in food production and supply

D. the improvement of people's living standard