Couldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyou'reusingaffectthe...

问题详情：

Could the device, smartphone or PC, which you're using affect the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people. The participants were assigned a device at random.

One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic “trolley (有轨电车) problem”： A runaway trolley is headed towards five people tied up on a set of train tracks. You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley. The practical response is to kill one man to save five lives, which 33.5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to 22.3 percent of PC users.

“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma，” Dr Albert Barque­Duran, the lead author of the study, told City University of London. “This could be due to the increased time pressure often  present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”

As for why the researchers started this study, Dr Barque­Duran noted, “Due to the fact that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed, and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily.” It's clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decision­making because we're using screens at an ever­increasing rate.

篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。你所使用的手机或电脑设备是否影响你的道德决策？为此，研究者对1,010位参与者做了研究。

1．Why did the author mention the trolley problem?

A．To introduce a difficult problem to readers.

B．To introduce the aim of carrying out the study.

C．To show an example of the questions in the study.

D．To show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas.

2．How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?

A．Calmly.                             B．Cruelly.

C．Hesitantly.                         D．Enthusiastically.

3．Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones ________.

A．help people bear more pressure

B．help people make decisions quicker

C．make people feel more mentally distant

D．make people stay happier to solve problems

4．What can we infer from the text?

A．Shopping online has a great effect on making moral decisions.

B．The people using smartphones are more than those using PCs.

C．People who often use smartphones or PCs always meet with dilemmas.

D．It is common for people to be involved in making moral decisions in daily life.

【回答】

1.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic ‘trolley (有轨电车) problem’”可以推断出，作者提及到电车问题，只是展示了研究的问题中的一个例子。故选C。

2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“What we found in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma”可知，对于情感困境，手机使用者更能够镇定地处理。故选A。

3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，与电脑相比较，手机更使人感到心理上的疏远。故选C。

4.D　推理判断题。A、B、C三项文中均未提及。而文中多处出现moral problems, moral decisions，故D项正确。

知识点：科普环保类阅读

题型：阅读理解