(2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)LearningNewVocabularyDuringDeepSl...

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(2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)

Learning New Vocabulary During Deep Sleep

Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language? Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined.  There is considerable evidence for wake－learned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds (嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge.

If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wake－learned information, then first－play, i．e. the initial processing of new information,  should also be possible during sleep.

The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells' active states, the so－called “Up－states”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up－state” and the inactive state “Down－state”.  The two states alternate (交替) about every half－second.

New evidence for sleep－learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated (被概括的) mental  state,  in which  we  are  separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep，” says Simon Ruch, co－first－author. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years，”  says Katharina Henke.

The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research  Cooperation (IRC). Thirteen  research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC. The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究论*了在深度睡眠中学习新词汇的可能*。

9．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A．“Up－state” and “Down－state” appear in turn during deep sleep.

B．“Up－states” is another name for the brain cells' active states.

C．Semantic associations are important for language learning.

D．The brain cells' active states are central for sleep－learning.

10．What will researchers do within several years according to the passage?

A．Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology.

B．Separate us from the physical environment.

C．Apply deep sleep to information learning.

D．Discover the concept of sleep.

11．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning.

B．To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms.

C．To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory.

D．To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep.

12．Where is this text most likely from?

A．A novel.

B．A guidebook.

C．A scientific research website.

D．A diary.

【回答】

9.D　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“The research group of Katharina Henke examined ... the so－called ‘Up－states’. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable.”可知，研究小组研究了睡觉的人能否在脑细胞活跃状态下，在被播放的外来词和翻译词之间形成新的语义联系。结果*他们的想法是合理的。据此可推知，当大脑处于“Up－states”时，可以进行语言学习。在这个过程中，大脑细胞的活跃状态起着主要作用。故*是D。

10.C　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词researchers和within several years定位到文章的第四段。根据该段中的“In how far and with what consequences ... will be a topic of research in upcoming years”可知，在未来几年，在新信息的获得方面深度睡眠能运用到何种程度以及会有何种结果将是研究的主题。故*是C。

11.D　推理判断题。第一段提出问题“This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language？”(是否可以更有效地利用睡眠时间，例如用于学习一种新语言？)；第二段回答该问题“then first－play, i．e. the initial processing of new information, should also be possible during sleep”(对新信息的初始处理，在睡眠期间也应该是可能的)；第三段通过研究提出*据*了第二段的猜想。最后两段进行了补充说明。据此可知，本文是为了说明在深度睡眠中，学习新的词汇是可能的。故*是D。

12.C　推理判断题。根据本文中出现的“Sleep research to date focused on” “There is considerable evidence” “The research group” “The aim of these research groups”并结合文章主旨(在深度睡眠中学习新词汇方面的科学研究)可以推断出，本文可能出自一个科研网站，故选C。

知识点：科普环保类阅读

题型：阅读理解