Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激勵),  

問題詳情：

Recently a new science behind incentives(激勵),   _43.___  (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children  __44.__   (do) better in school. ___ cases, he gave students incentives based on input(輸入), like reading certain books, while in   _46.___, the incentives           _ _47. (base) on output, like results on exams. His main   __48.__  (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be    49.____ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over     50.___   they have much more control.

As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have    51.___  much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again   _52._    you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.

【回答】

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